/* 全站可调整的色彩、间距、容器宽度和动画参数集中在下方。 */
:root {
  --paper: #fffdf8;
  --paper-rgb: 255, 253, 248;
  --site-bg: #f4efe6;
  --site-bg-rgb: 244, 239, 230;
  --cream: #faf3e6;
  --cream-2: #f3eadc;
  --warm-panel: #fff8ed;
  --soft-grey: #f1f0ec;
  --soft-blue: #eef2f5;
  --soft-stone: #ebe5da;
  --ink: #111111;
  --ink-rgb: 17, 17, 17;
  --grey-1: #ecebea;
  --grey-2: #d8d3ca;
  --grey-3: #737373;
  --accent: #2f5f85;
  --accent-rgb: 47, 95, 133;
  --accent-on: #ffffff;
  --surface-deep: #182532;
  --warm-accent: #7a6242;
  --line: rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.12);
  --line-strong: rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.24);
  --muted: #64645f;
  --max: 1320px;
  --gutter: clamp(18px, 3vw, 48px);
  --viewport-content: 100vw;
  --section-gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 72px);
  --fast: 180ms ease;
  --slow: 720ms cubic-bezier(0.19, 1, 0.22, 1);
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  scroll-padding-top: 25px;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  padding-top: 58px;
  color: var(--ink);
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 252, 246, 0.92), rgba(var(--site-bg-rgb), 0.96) 48%, #f0e9de 100%);
  font-family: "Inter", "Noto Sans SC", "Microsoft YaHei UI", sans-serif;
  font-weight: 400;
  text-rendering: geometricPrecision;
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

body::selection {
  color: var(--accent-on);
  background: var(--accent);
}

a {
  color: inherit;
}

img {
  max-width: 100%;
}

.page-gradient {
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  pointer-events: none;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.01) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.01) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 72px 72px;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14) 72%, transparent);
}

.masthead,
main {
  width: min(var(--max), calc(100% - var(--gutter) * 2));
  margin: 0 auto;
}

/* 固定页头和导航：保留桌面横向链接与窄屏折叠菜单。 */
.masthead {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: none;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  background: rgba(var(--paper-rgb), 0.96);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
}

.nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  width: min(var(--max), calc(100% - var(--gutter) * 2));
  min-height: 58px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0;
  border-bottom: 0;
  background: transparent;
}

.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", "Noto Serif SC", serif;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.brand-dot {
  width: 21px;
  height: 21px;
  border: 5px solid var(--paper);
  outline: 3px solid var(--ink);
  background: var(--ink);
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: clamp(14px, 2vw, 30px);
}

.nav-links a {
  position: relative;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.nav-links a::after {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -16px;
  height: 3px;
  content: "";
  background: var(--accent);
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left;
  transition: transform var(--fast);
}

.nav-links a:hover,
.nav-links a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--ink);
}

.nav-links a:hover::after,
.nav-links a:focus-visible::after {
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
}

.nav-toggle span {
  display: block;
  width: 18px;
  height: 2px;
  margin: 5px auto;
  background: var(--ink);
}

main {
  padding: 0 0 56px;
}

[id] {
  scroll-margin-top: 25px;
}

#top {
  scroll-margin-top: 0;
}

.panel,
.about-band,
.team-group,
.feature-card,
.facility-card,
.publication-card,
.news-card,
.showcase-slider,
.timeline-card,
.contact-card,
.detail-hero,
.detail-section,
.detail-item,
.equipment-photo-grid figure,
.equipment-row {
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(var(--paper-rgb), 0.92);
}

/* 首屏：全宽底色、正文同宽图片层与下沿曲线分别控制。 */
.hero {
  position: relative;
  display: block;
  width: 100vw;
  min-height: clamp(500px, 52vw, 660px);
  margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 0;
  background: #030c1c;
}

.hero::before {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 0;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 50%;
  width: min(var(--max), calc(var(--viewport-content) - var(--gutter) * 2));
  content: "";
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(3, 12, 28, 0.98) 0%, rgba(3, 12, 28, 0.88) 33%, rgba(3, 12, 28, 0.32) 63%, rgba(3, 12, 28, 0.04) 100%),
    url("../images/research/hero-magneto-dark.png") center center / 100% auto no-repeat;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}

.hero-intro {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  display: grid;
  width: min(var(--max), calc(var(--viewport-content) - var(--gutter) * 2));
  max-width: 1320px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding-top: clamp(82px, 9.9vw, 132px);
  gap: 18px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.hero-intro-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 4.8fr) minmax(420px, 7.2fr);
  gap: clamp(20px, 3vw, 46px);
  align-items: start;
}

.hero-text-block {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  max-width: 470px;
  min-width: 0;
}

.kicker,
.section-label,
.facility-tag,
.publication-tag,
.news-date,
.detail-year {
  margin: 0 0 16px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  line-height: 1.3;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero .kicker {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.84);
  font-size: clamp(0.68rem, 1.05vw, 0.84rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.17em;
}

h1,
h2,
h3 {
  margin: 0;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

h1 {
  max-width: none;
  font-family: "Noto Serif SC", "Songti SC", "SimSun", serif;
  font-size: clamp(3.15rem, 6.25vw, 6.4rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.08;
}

.hero h1 {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 4.8vw, 5.2rem);
  line-height: 1.1;
  text-shadow: 0 14px 36px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42);
  white-space: nowrap;
}

h2 {
  font-family: "Noto Serif SC", "Songti SC", "SimSun", serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5.2vw, 5.2rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

h3 {
  font-size: clamp(1.18rem, 1.6vw, 1.55rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.hero-subtitle {
  max-width: 30em;
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
  font-size: clamp(1.28rem, 2.05vw, 1.86rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.42;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.hero-text,
.feature-card p,
.facility-card p,
.pi-copy p,
.publication-card p,
.news-card p,
.contact-copy p,
.band-text p,
.showcase-overlay p,
.showcase-placeholder p,
.detail-hero p,
.detail-item p,
.detail-item li {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.hero-text {
  max-width: 34em;
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74);
  font-size: clamp(0.88rem, 1.05vw, 0.96rem);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 10px;
}

.button,
.section-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 48px;
  padding: 0 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  transition: color var(--fast), background var(--fast), transform var(--fast);
}

.button-primary,
.section-link:hover,
.section-link:focus-visible,
.button:hover,
.button:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-on);
  background: var(--accent);
}

.hero .button-primary {
  min-width: 188px;
  min-height: 52px;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  padding: 0 25px;
  border-color: rgba(139, 177, 221, 0.52);
  color: #ffffff;
  background: rgba(54, 96, 146, 0.58);
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);
}

.hero .button-primary:hover,
.hero .button-primary:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(69, 119, 177, 0.72);
}

.hero-cryostat-label {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  top: 33%;
  right: calc((100% - min(var(--max), calc(var(--viewport-content) - var(--gutter) * 2))) / 2 + clamp(42px, 5vw, 88px));
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.82);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.5vw, 1.35rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.hero::after {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 1;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  bottom: -1px;
  height: 118px;
  content: "";
  background: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20viewBox%3D%270%200%201440%20120%27%20preserveAspectRatio%3D%27none%27%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A//www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0%2025C250%2049%20492%2068%20722%2082C965%2097%201204%20104%201440%2094L1440%20120H0Z%27%20fill%3D%27%23f4efe6%27/%3E%3C/svg%3E") bottom center / 100% 100% no-repeat;
}

.button:hover,
.button:focus-visible,
.section-link:hover,
.section-link:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* 课题组风采：轮播图、切换圆点和研究概览区域。 */
.hero-showcase {
  grid-column: 1 / span 8;
  margin-top: 0;
}

.showcase-slider {
  padding: 0;
}

.showcase-track {
  position: relative;
  aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  min-height: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.showcase-slide {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  opacity: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  transition: opacity 0.55s ease;
  background: var(--grey-1);
}

.showcase-slide.is-active {
  opacity: 1;
  pointer-events: auto;
}

.showcase-slide img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
}

.showcase-overlay,
.showcase-placeholder {
  position: absolute;
  inset: auto 0 0 0;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(250, 250, 248, 0.54);
  color: var(--paper);
  background: rgba(var(--ink-rgb), 0.68);
}

.showcase-placeholder {
  inset: 0;
  display: grid;
  place-content: center;
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--grey-1);
}

.showcase-overlay h2,
.showcase-placeholder strong {
  max-width: 60em;
  font-size: clamp(0.88rem, 1.25vw, 1.1rem);
  font-weight: 600;
  line-height: 1.45;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.showcase-controls {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.showcase-dot {
  height: 13px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--paper);
  cursor: pointer;
}

.showcase-dot:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.showcase-dot.is-active {
  background: var(--accent);
}

.hero-visual {
  grid-column: 9 / -1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-rows: minmax(280px, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 16px;
}

.orbital-card {
  position: relative;
  min-height: 382px;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: var(--accent-on);
  background: var(--surface-deep);
}

.orbital-card::before {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 18px;
  content: "";
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.32);
}

.orbital-card::after {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  content: "";
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(var(--accent-rgb), 0.24) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(var(--accent-rgb), 0.24) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 38px 38px;
}

.orbital-glow {
  display: none;
}

.orbital-rings,
.orbital-rings::before,
.orbital-rings::after {
  position: absolute;
  content: "";
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.46);
}

.orbital-rings {
  inset: 23% 14%;
  z-index: 1;
  transform: rotate(-8deg);
}

.orbital-rings::before {
  inset: 34px;
}

.orbital-rings::after {
  inset: 68px;
}

.orbital-caption {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  left: 28px;
  right: 28px;
  bottom: 28px;
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
}

.orbital-caption span {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.orbital-caption strong {
  max-width: 18em;
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.4vw, 2.2rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.hero-stats {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
}

.hero-stats article {
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 18px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.hero-stats article:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.hero-stats strong {
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.hero-stats span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.about-band,
.lab-showcase,
.team-section,
.facilities-section,
.contact-section,
.publication-section,
.news-section,
.feature-grid,
.research-section {
  margin-top: var(--section-gap);
}

/* 首页三项快捷入口与配套线性图标。 */
.home-index {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  margin-top: clamp(28px, 3.2vw, 42px);
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: rgba(var(--paper-rgb), 0.72);
}

.home-index a {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 58px;
  grid-template-rows: auto auto auto;
  gap: 7px 18px;
  min-height: 134px;
  padding: 24px clamp(20px, 2.8vw, 32px);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: inherit;
  background: rgba(255, 252, 246, 0.52);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color var(--fast), background var(--fast), transform var(--fast);
}

.home-index a:last-child {
  border-right: 0;
}

.home-index a:hover,
.home-index a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent-on);
  background: var(--surface-deep);
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.home-index span {
  grid-column: 1;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", "Noto Serif SC", serif;
  font-size: clamp(2.55rem, 4.1vw, 4.2rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 0.9;
}

.home-index a:hover span,
.home-index a:focus-visible span,
.home-index a:hover p,
.home-index a:focus-visible p {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
}

.home-index strong {
  grid-column: 1;
  align-self: end;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", "Noto Serif SC", serif;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.home-index p {
  grid-column: 1;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.home-index-icon {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1 / span 3;
  align-self: center;
  justify-self: end;
  width: clamp(44px, 5.2vw, 58px);
  height: clamp(44px, 5.2vw, 58px);
  color: rgba(var(--accent-rgb), 0.62);
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 1.7;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.home-index a:hover .home-index-icon,
.home-index a:focus-visible .home-index-icon {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
}

.lab-showcase {
  margin-top: clamp(24px, 2.7vw, 34px);
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
}

.section-title-plain {
  margin-bottom: clamp(14px, 2vw, 20px);
}

.section-title-plain h2 {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  font-size: clamp(1.9rem, 3.1vw, 3rem);
  line-height: 1;
}

.section-title-plain h2::after {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 32px;
  height: 2px;
  content: "";
  background: var(--accent);
}

.lab-showcase-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.7fr) minmax(320px, 0.98fr);
  gap: clamp(24px, 3vw, 34px);
  align-items: start;
}

.lab-showcase .hero-showcase {
  grid-column: auto;
}

.lab-showcase .showcase-slider {
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
}

.lab-showcase .showcase-track {
  aspect-ratio: 2.05 / 1;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.lab-showcase .showcase-overlay {
  display: none;
}

.lab-showcase .showcase-controls {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 14px;
  border-top: 0;
}

.lab-showcase .showcase-dot {
  width: 7px;
  height: 7px;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.2);
}

.lab-showcase .showcase-dot.is-active {
  background: var(--accent);
}

.lab-focus-card {
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: rgba(var(--paper-rgb), 0.52);
}

.lab-focus-card article {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 66px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 14px;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 94px;
  padding: 11px 18px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.lab-focus-card article:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.focus-icon {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 58px;
  height: 58px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.14);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--accent);
  background: rgba(255, 253, 248, 0.36);
}

.focus-icon svg,
.profile-icon svg {
  width: 34px;
  height: 34px;
  fill: none;
  stroke: currentColor;
  stroke-width: 2;
  stroke-linecap: round;
  stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.lab-focus-card h3 {
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  font-family: "Noto Serif SC", "Songti SC", "SimSun", serif;
  font-size: 1.08rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.lab-focus-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* 课题组概况：事实信息与正文阅读层级。 */
.about-band {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.74fr) minmax(0, 1.16fr);
  gap: clamp(28px, 4.2vw, 58px);
  margin-top: clamp(28px, 3.4vw, 40px);
  padding: clamp(24px, 3.2vw, 36px);
  border-width: 1px;
  background: var(--cream);
}

.band-copy {
  padding-right: clamp(12px, 2.6vw, 34px);
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.band-copy h2 {
  position: relative;
  max-width: 7em;
  padding-bottom: 16px;
  font-size: clamp(2.15rem, 4.3vw, 4.5rem);
}

.band-copy h2::after {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 34px;
  height: 2px;
  content: "";
  background: var(--accent);
}

.band-text {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.band-text p,
.profile-item p {
  margin: 0;
}

.profile-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  align-self: stretch;
  border: 0;
}

.profile-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 58px 58px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 82px;
  padding: 12px 0;
  border-right: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: transparent;
}

.profile-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.profile-item span {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", "Noto Serif SC", serif;
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 3.2vw, 3.3rem);
  font-weight: 300;
  line-height: 1;
}

.profile-item h3 {
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.profile-item p {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.profile-icon {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(17, 17, 17, 0.14);
  border-radius: 50%;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: rgba(255, 253, 248, 0.46);
}

.feature-grid,
.facility-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--paper);
}

.research-section .feature-grid {
  margin-top: 18px;
}

.research-section,
.team-section,
.facilities-section,
.publication-section,
.news-section {
  padding: clamp(26px, 4vw, 56px);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-section {
  width: 100%;
  margin-left: 0;
  padding: 0;
  border: 0;
  background: transparent;
}

.team-section {
  background: var(--cream-2);
}

.facilities-section {
  background: var(--soft-blue);
}

.publication-section {
  background: var(--warm-panel);
}

.news-section {
  background: var(--soft-grey);
}

/* 研究方向：固定比例视觉板与四列说明覆盖层。 */
.research-panel {
  padding: clamp(28px, 4vw, 56px);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 253, 248, 0.92), rgba(250, 243, 230, 0.76)),
    var(--warm-panel);
}

.research-heading {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.82fr) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(28px, 5vw, 76px);
  align-items: start;
  margin-bottom: clamp(22px, 2.8vw, 36px);
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.research-heading > p {
  max-width: 42em;
  justify-self: end;
  margin: clamp(20px, 3vw, 42px) 0 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.28vw, 1.16rem);
  line-height: 1.9;
}

.research-heading h2 {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  padding-bottom: 16px;
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 4.8vw, 5rem);
  line-height: 1;
}

.research-heading h2::after {
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  width: 62px;
  height: 4px;
  content: "";
  background: var(--accent);
}

.research-visual-board {
  position: relative;
  width: min(100%, 1120px);
  margin: 0 auto;
  min-height: 0;
  aspect-ratio: 1659 / 782;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid rgba(47, 95, 133, 0.18);
  border-radius: 14px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02)),
    url("../images/research/research-directions-board.png") center center / 100% 100% no-repeat;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(34, 26, 14, 0.14);
}

.research-overlay-card {
  position: absolute;
  z-index: 2;
  top: 33.8%;
  bottom: 4.2%;
  display: grid;
  align-content: start;
  gap: clamp(8px, 0.8vw, 14px);
  padding: clamp(34px, 2.8vw, 48px) clamp(18px, 1.8vw, 30px) 24px;
  color: #ffffff;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.research-overlay-card-1 {
  left: 1.4%;
  width: 24.9%;
}

.research-overlay-card-2 {
  left: 26.8%;
  width: 24.4%;
}

.research-overlay-card-3 {
  left: 51.9%;
  width: 24.1%;
}

.research-overlay-card-4 {
  left: 76.8%;
  width: 21.8%;
}

.research-overlay-card h2,
.research-overlay-card h3 {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-family: "Noto Serif SC", "Songti SC", "SimSun", serif;
  font-size: clamp(1.02rem, 1.28vw, 1.5rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.25;
  text-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.42);
}

.research-overlay-card p {
  max-width: 29em;
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
  font-size: clamp(0.72rem, 0.82vw, 0.88rem);
  line-height: 1.68;
}

.feature-card,
.facility-card {
  min-width: 0;
  padding: clamp(22px, 3vw, 36px);
  border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;
  background: rgba(var(--paper-rgb), 0.82);
  transition: color var(--fast), background var(--fast), transform var(--fast);
}

.feature-card:hover,
.facility-card:hover,
.publication-card:hover,
.news-card:hover,
.member-card:hover,
.detail-item:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.feature-card-large {
  grid-column: span 3;
  min-height: 290px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  color: var(--accent-on);
  background: var(--ink);
}

.feature-card-large .section-label {
  color: var(--accent-on);
}

.feature-card-large p {
  max-width: 58ch;
  color: rgba(250, 250, 248, 0.76);
}

.facility-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 16px;
}

.facility-card h3,
.feature-card h3,
.publication-copy h3,
.news-card h3,
.detail-item h3 {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.facility-grid-compact .facility-card,
.publication-card {
  min-height: 220px;
}

.facility-media {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--grey-1);
}

.facility-media span {
  padding: 8px 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  color: var(--muted);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.facility-media img,
.member-photo,
.equipment-photo-grid img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.section-heading {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.section-heading h2 {
  max-width: 11em;
}

.section-heading-split {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.pi-section,
.pi-header,
.pi-main,
.pi-side,
.pi-portrait-card,
.portrait-placeholder,
.portrait-placeholder-large {
  min-width: 0;
}

.team-board,
.publication-stack {
  display: grid;
  gap: 18px;
}

/* 导师及学生卡片：照片比例和身份信息使用统一规则。 */
.team-group {
  padding: clamp(20px, 3vw, 34px);
}

.team-group-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  padding-bottom: 12px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.team-group-head span {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.team-lead-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(180px, 250px) minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(18px, 3vw, 32px);
  align-items: start;
}

.team-lead-portrait {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 2 / 3;
  display: block;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center center;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--grey-1);
}

.team-lead-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(250px, 330px);
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: stretch;
}

.team-lead-copy h3 {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 3.2rem);
  font-family: "Noto Serif SC", "Songti SC", "SimSun", serif;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.team-lead-copy p {
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.pi-inline-role {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.42em;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.pi-meta {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  margin-top: 22px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.pi-meta p,
.contact-card p {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 14px 16px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--paper);
}

.pi-meta span,
.contact-card span {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
}

.timeline-card,
.contact-card {
  padding: 20px;
}

.timeline {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

.timeline li {
  display: grid;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 14px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.timeline li:first-child {
  padding-top: 0;
}

.timeline li:last-child {
  padding-bottom: 0;
  border-bottom: 0;
}

.timeline strong {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.timeline span {
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.member-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.member-card {
  display: grid;
  align-content: start;
  gap: 8px;
  padding: 12px;
  border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  transition: transform var(--fast), background var(--fast);
}

.member-photo {
  aspect-ratio: 2 / 3;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--grey-1);
}

.member-card strong {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.member-card span {
  color: var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.member-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.publication-stack {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.publication-card,
.news-card {
  padding: clamp(20px, 3vw, 32px);
  transition: transform var(--fast), background var(--fast);
}

.publication-card {
  border-width: 0 1px 1px;
  background: rgba(var(--paper-rgb), 0.96);
}

.publication-feature {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 104px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: clamp(18px, 3vw, 34px);
  align-items: start;
}

.publication-thumb {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  min-height: 104px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(var(--accent-rgb), 0.32);
  color: var(--accent);
  background: var(--soft-blue);
  font-size: 1.18rem;
  font-weight: 300;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

.publication-copy h3 a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 5px;
}

.publication-copy h3 a:hover,
.publication-copy h3 a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.news-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.news-card {
  min-height: 230px;
  border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;
  background: var(--paper);
}

.news-card-highlight {
  color: var(--accent-on);
  background: var(--surface-deep);
}

.news-card-highlight .news-date,
.news-card-highlight p {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.78);
}

.contact-section {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(300px, 0.74fr);
  gap: clamp(20px, 4vw, 52px);
  padding: clamp(30px, 4vw, 56px);
  border-width: 1px;
  background: var(--soft-stone);
}

.contact-copy h2 {
  max-width: 9em;
}

.contact-card {
  align-self: start;
}

/* 设备、论文详情页共用的内容布局。 */
.detail-page {
  padding-bottom: 48px;
}

.detail-hero,
.detail-section {
  margin-top: var(--section-gap);
  padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 48px);
}

.detail-hero {
  color: var(--accent-on);
  background: var(--ink);
}

.detail-hero .section-label,
.detail-hero p {
  color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
}

.detail-hero h1 {
  color: var(--accent-on);
}

.back-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: var(--accent-on);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

.back-link::before {
  content: "←";
}

.detail-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.detail-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.detail-item {
  padding: clamp(18px, 2.4vw, 28px);
  border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;
  background: var(--paper);
  transition: transform var(--fast);
}

.detail-list .detail-item {
  border-width: 0 1px 1px;
}

.detail-item ul {
  display: grid;
  gap: 8px;
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  padding-left: 1.1em;
}

.equipment-table {
  display: grid;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.equipment-photo-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 0;
  margin-top: 22px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.equipment-photo-grid figure {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 12px;
  border-width: 0 1px 1px 0;
  background: var(--paper);
}

.equipment-photo-grid img {
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.equipment-photo-grid figcaption {
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.equipment-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(170px, 0.9fr) minmax(160px, 0.9fr) minmax(0, 1.6fr);
  gap: 18px;
  padding: 16px 18px;
  border-width: 0 1px 1px;
  background: var(--paper);
}

.equipment-row strong,
.equipment-row span {
  min-width: 0;
}

.equipment-row span,
.equipment-row p {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.equipment-row strong {
  font-weight: 700;
}

.detail-year {
  margin-top: 30px;
}

/* 视口入场动画，减少动态效果的系统设置优先。 */
.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(22px);
  transition: opacity var(--slow), transform var(--slow);
}

.reveal.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  html {
    scroll-behavior: auto;
  }

  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    transition-duration: 1ms !important;
    animation-duration: 1ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
  }
}

/* 中等屏幕：逐步收紧网格与字号，避免卡片内容拥挤。 */
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .contact-section {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero-intro,
  .hero-showcase,
  .hero-visual {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
  }

  .hero-intro-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .hero-visual {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(300px, 0.8fr);
    grid-template-rows: auto;
  }

  .team-lead-card,
  .team-lead-content {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .member-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .equipment-photo-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }
}

/* 平板与窄屏：导航折叠，部分内容改为单列。 */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .home-index,
  .lab-showcase-grid,
  .profile-grid,
  .feature-grid,
  .facility-grid,
  .facility-grid-compact,
  .news-grid,
  .detail-grid,
  .equipment-row {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .home-index a {
    min-height: 112px;
  }

  .about-band {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-section {
    width: 100%;
    margin-left: 0;
  }

  .research-panel {
    padding: clamp(22px, 5vw, 34px);
  }

  .research-heading {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 18px;
    padding: 0;
  }

  .research-heading > p {
    justify-self: start;
    margin-top: 0;
  }

  .research-heading h2 {
    font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 12vw, 3.3rem);
  }

  .research-visual-board {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: auto;
    padding: 210px 16px 16px;
    background:
      linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(2, 9, 20, 0.1), rgba(2, 9, 20, 0.96) 220px),
      url("../images/research/research-directions-board.png") center top / auto 260px no-repeat,
      #020914;
  }

  .research-overlay-card,
  .research-overlay-card-1,
  .research-overlay-card-2,
  .research-overlay-card-3,
  .research-overlay-card-4 {
    position: relative;
    inset: auto;
    width: auto;
    min-height: 190px;
    padding: 22px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(210, 174, 120, 0.34);
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: rgba(2, 9, 20, 0.82);
    pointer-events: auto;
  }

  .band-copy {
    padding-right: 0;
    padding-bottom: 24px;
    border-right: 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .feature-card-large {
    grid-column: span 1;
  }

  .publication-feature {
    grid-template-columns: 76px minmax(0, 1fr);
  }

  .publication-thumb {
    min-height: 76px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }

  .section-heading-split {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
  }

  .nav-toggle {
    display: block;
  }

  .nav-links {
    position: absolute;
    top: 58px;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    display: grid;
    gap: 0;
    padding: 0;
    border: 1px solid var(--line-strong);
    background: var(--paper);
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    transition: opacity var(--fast), transform var(--fast);
  }

  .nav-links a {
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
  }

  .nav-links a:last-child {
    border-bottom: 0;
  }

  .nav-links a::after {
    display: none;
  }

  .nav-links.is-open {
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: auto;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

/* 手机屏幕：首屏图片、文字与卡片重新排布。 */
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  :root {
    --gutter: 14px;
    --section-gap: 36px;
  }

  .masthead {
    padding-top: 0;
  }

  .nav {
    min-height: 58px;
  }

  .brand span:last-child {
    max-width: 190px;
    overflow: hidden;
    white-space: nowrap;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 12vw, 3.6rem);
    line-height: 1.12;
  }

  .hero h1 {
    white-space: normal;
  }

  h2 {
    font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 12vw, 3.2rem);
  }

  .hero {
    min-height: 520px;
  }

  .hero::before {
    background:
      linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(3, 12, 28, 0.98) 0%, rgba(3, 12, 28, 0.84) 52%, rgba(3, 12, 28, 0.24) 100%),
      url("../images/research/hero-magneto-dark.png") 56% center / auto 100% no-repeat;
  }

  .hero-intro {
    padding-top: 72px;
  }

  .hero-cryostat-label {
    display: none;
  }

  .home-index a {
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 58px;
  }

  .profile-item {
    grid-template-columns: 48px minmax(42px, auto) minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .showcase-track {
    aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  }

  .about-band,
  .contact-section,
  .research-section,
  .team-section,
  .facilities-section,
  .publication-section,
  .news-section,
  .detail-hero,
  .detail-section,
  .team-group,
  .feature-card,
  .facility-card,
  .publication-card,
  .news-card {
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .research-section {
    padding: 0;
  }

  .research-panel {
    padding: 20px;
  }

  .member-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .equipment-photo-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .publication-feature {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .publication-thumb {
    width: 78px;
  }
}